coaching presence research
Coaching is increasingly viewed and implemented as a key leadership and team development tool in organizations. In contrast, coaching research is still in its infancy. Previous empirical studies reveal that coaching proves to be an effective instrument in supporting coachees’ goal-attainment, well-being and personal development. Today we know that coaching works. However, the question how coaching works has remained a black box.
On my PhD trajectory affiliated with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Business Research Centre, NL and in collaboration with Ashridge Centre for Coaching, UK as well as Case Western Reserve University, US, we are conducting a comprehensive coaching process-outcome-study. In other words, we investigate certain factors that potentially impact the effectiveness of coaching. We want to explore what really happens in coaching sessions. In doing so, we go beyond coach and coachee self-reports by analyzing video recordings for non-verbal interactions between coaches and coachees in a longitudinal study. We expect findings to contribute to our deeper understanding of what constitutes coaching’s effectiveness and how you as a coach may be enabled to enhance and optimize the effectiveness of your coaching practice. Therefore, we invite you to make a contribution in our project.
I am Tünde Erdös and I welcome you to my research project.
Follow our progress or contact me directly via the links below:
The Researcher
contact me via email
Procedural Overview
Please take note end of data collection is 31. July 2019!
Coach
- Researcher and coach sign a data processing agreement and two informed consent forms to set the boundaries of collaboration between researcher and coach (one time for all participating clients)
- Additionally, researcher makes available to coach two separate informed consent forms to be signed by each of the two participating clients
- Coaches normally onboard two clients (they may select their clients depending on the learning goal they set for themselves: e.g. presence with male and female clients, paying vs. pro-bono engagements, etc.)
- Experience shows that some coaches wish to take more than two clients onboard for their learning purposes. Please note that the maximum number of clients you may wish to take onboard is five
- Coach passes on the informed consent form to client and stores it on behalf of the researcher to safeguard client’s anonymity and confidentiality (no sharing of client’s identity with researcher) & researcher and coach agree on a pseudonym for each participating client
- Coach informs researcher about the number of sessions required for them to fulfil the necessary amount of 10 coaching hours to be recorded
- Researcher provides coach with the pre-coaching questionnaire links to be forwarded to coachee
- Client completes pre-coaching questionnaire within 24 hours
- Coach kindly reminds client to complete the pre-coaching questionnaire in due time
- Once the pre-coaching questionnaire is completed by client coach may start recording coaching sessions
- Coach records each coaching session (see instructions video recording)
- After each completed coaching session coach informs researcher about the session completed and receives the first video submission link and the first post-session questionnaire link to be forwarded to client
- Client completes post-session questionnaires within 24 hours
- Coach transfers the recorded coaching session to his computer (see instructions video transfer)
- Coach uses the CPR-App to compress & encrypt the recording (see instructions video submission)
- Coach starts uploading processed file (see instructions video submission)
- Coach kindly reminds client to complete the post-session questionnaire in due time
- Repeat steps 9-15 until all sessions scheduled for this research are completed
- After completion of the last session, coach is welcome to consume his/her feedback sessions about their interpersonal synchrony and coaching presence with researcher at their own leisure
- Coaches are entitled to receive a minimum one feedback session. The number of feedback sessions depends on each coach’s affiliation with one or more of the following professional coaching bodies (ICF, LVSC, ANSE)
- One month after completion of coaching sessions coach forwards the post-coaching questionnaire link to client
- Client completes post-coaching questionnaire within 24 hours
- Coach kindly reminds client to complete the post-coaching questionnaire in due time
- Once the research project is successfully completed researcher will provide coach with a participation certificate issued by VU and Ashridge Centre for Coaching
Coachee
- Coachee signs informed consent forms
- Coachee completes the pre-coaching questionnaire sent to him by coach within 24 hours
- After each completed coaching session, coachee completes the post-session questionnaire sent to him by coach within 24 hours
- One month after completion of coaching sessions, coachee completes the post-session questionnaire sent to him by coach within 24 hours
Reserach Process
IT requirements & recommendations
- Internet access
- Video recording device (e.g. smartphone, tablet, digital camcorder) with enough storage space for capturing an entire coaching session in one go (max. 120-minutes) (see step-by-step instructions below)
- Private (rather than public) coaching space in a stable and calm environment (no moving objects or humans in the background of the recording)
- Email account to be able to communicate with researcher and receive/forward questionnaire links to clients
- Stationary home office internet connection (as opposed to mobile internet connection) for uploading video files (cable or DSL)
- Uploading files via mobile internet connection or metered internet connection is not advised because uploading is likely to use up your contracted data volume (please check your contract with your internet service provider)
- Stable internet connection and higher internet speed enable fast uploading of video files to secure cloud server
- PC for uploading video files (as opposed to uploading by smartphone)
- Using a tripod with smartphone mount for stabilizing the device for recording (see step by step instructions for video recordings below)
- Researcher recommends coaches to share their phone number with her for her to be able to provide coaches with the IT support necessary in the event of technical issues
Step-by-Step Instructions: Video Recording
To get prepared for you recording session, follow the steps below.
- Choose the recording device of your preference (e.g. smartphone, tablet, PC, digital camcorder, digital camera with video recording capability)
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Ensure your device has got enough free storage capacity to record an entire session, in line with your session format: max. 120 minutes per session (60 minutes of video on an iPhone in 720p need around 4GB of free space)
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Set your recoding resolution to 720p or 480p to decrease the recordings file size.
- Make sure your device is charged (check for battery power or make sure you can plug-in your device to the power socket)
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Make sure your device will not go into standby or sleep mode while recording (Does not apply to most smartphones)
- Your coaching sessions need to take place in an environment that is free from background movements (e.g. people, cars or pets passing, clocks on the wall, trees moving with the wind, etc.) and changing lighting conditions (e.g. being seated in front of the window)
- You may conduct your sessions in any language you like / need as audio material is not evaluated in this research project. Audio material – if recorded – will be removed prior to submission to researcher (see instructions video submission below)
- Please take precautionary measures (e.g. advise others not to disturb you while in coaching session; keep pets/kids in separate room for the duration of your session) to avoid being interrupted in your sessions
To record your session, follow the steps below depending on the recording device of your choise.
- You need to make sure that both coach and client are captured full-bodied in the video recording
- When positioning your recording device, please pay attention to how you need to stabilize your device. Use either a tripod or position your smartphone on an even surface fixed between two stable objects (e.g. heavier books). You may also use a case that can hold your device in place (e.g. tablet case, smartphone case, etc.).
- Coach and client need to be seated either vis-à-vis each other or slightly angled: in any event, their movements need to be captured by the camera
- If you have your session scheduled at dawn or dusk, please make sure you have got lights switched on in the room for recording purposes
- If you are using a smartphone or tablet with phoning capability, you need to make sure that the device is switched to airplane mode (this will prevent interruptions and avoid the recording from being cut off by an incoming call)
- Start video recording by pressing the ‘record’ button
- Should you choose to change your seating position (e.g. you want to do some embodiment exercise) you may do so. Please reposition your camera such that your bodies can be captured in full again. Sessions should be recorded in their entirety
- Should a coaching session (need to) be interrupted (e.g. third person entering the room; someone has to leave for a short pause) try to keep the session in recording mode. Do not stop and resume recording, if possible
- In the event of any interrupted sessions, please inform researcher about these interruption duly
- Stop video recording
- You need to make sure that both coach and client are captured full-bodied in the video recording
- When positioning your recording device, please pay attention to how you need to stabilize your device. Use either a tripod or position your smartphone on an even surface fixed between two stable objects (e.g. heavier books). You may also use a case that can hold your device in place (e.g. tablet case, smartphone case, etc.).
- Coach and client need to be seated either vis-à-vis each other or slightly angled: in any event, their movements need to be captured by the camera
- If you have your session scheduled at dawn or dusk, please make sure you have got lights switched on in the room for recording purposes
- If you are using a smartphone or tablet with phoning capability, you need to make sure that the device is switched to airplane mode (this will prevent interruptions and avoid the recording from being cut off by an incoming call)
- Start video recording by pressing the ‘record’ button
- Should you choose to change your seating position (e.g. you want to do some embodiment exercise) you may do so. Please reposition your camera such that your bodies can be captured in full again. Sessions should be recorded in their entirety
- Should a coaching session (need to) be interrupted (e.g. third person entering the room; someone has to leave for a short pause) try to keep the session in recording mode. Do not stop and resume recording, if possible
- In the event of any interrupted sessions, please inform researcher about these interruption duly
- Stop video recording
- You need to make sure that both coach and client are captured full-bodied in the video recording
- When positioning your recording device, please pay attention to how you stabelize your computer. Try to place your computer on an even surface.
- Coach and client need to be seated either vis-à-vis each other or slightly angled: in any event, their movements need to be captured by the camera
- If you have your session scheduled at dawn or dusk, please make sure you have got lights switched on in the room for recording purposes
- To prevent interuptions, quit any messaging or Voice over IP applications (Skype, Zoom, etc.)
- Open the Windows 'Camera' app and switch into video mode (Windows 7 users please refer to the F.A.Q. for which recording app to use.)
- Start video recording by pressing the ‘record’ button
- Should you choose to change your seating position (e.g. you want to do some embodiment exercise) you may do so. Please reposition your camera such that your bodies can be captured in full again. Sessions should be recorded in their entirety
- Should a coaching session (need to) be interrupted (e.g. third person entering the room; someone has to leave for a short pause) try to keep the session in recording mode. Do not stop and resume recording, if possible
- In the event of any interrupted sessions, please inform researcher about these interruption duly
- Stop video recording
- You will find the recorded file in the camera roll folder inside your pictures folder
- You need to make sure that both coach and client are captured full-bodied in the video recording
- When positioning your recording device, please pay attention to how you stabelize your computer to prevent movement. Try to place your computer on an even surface.
- Coach and client need to be seated either vis-à-vis each other or slightly angled: in any event, their movements need to be captured by the camera
- If you have your session scheduled at dawn or dusk, please make sure you have got lights switched on in the room for recording purposes
- To prevent interuptions, quit any messaging or Voice over IP applications (Skype, Zoom, etc.)
- Open the 'QuickTime Player' application
- Navigate to File -> New Movie Recording
- Start video recording by pressing the ‘record’ button
- Should you choose to change your seating position (e.g. you want to do some embodiment exercise) you may do so. Please reposition your camera such that your bodies can be captured in full again. Sessions should be recorded in their entirety
- Should a coaching session (need to) be interrupted (e.g. third person entering the room; someone has to leave for a short pause) try to keep the session in recording mode. Do not stop and resume recording, if possible
- In the event of any interrupted sessions, please inform researcher about these interruption duly
- Stop video recording
- Save the recording by navigating to File -> save ...
- Before recording, please make sure the camera video recording time is sufficient to capture your entire session. Due to some EU import regulations many camera manufacturers limit the video recording time to 30 minutes of continued videoing to avoid classification as video recording device and the additional taxes that might be incurred.
- You need to make sure that both coach and client are captured with your full body in the video recording.
- Please check your video recording resolution is set to 720p or 480p to keep the video file size in check.
- Please make sure your camera has enough free storage.
- When positioning your recording device, please pay attention to how you stabilize your camera to prevent camera movement. Use a tripod or other fixtures to stabilize your device.
- Coach and client need to be seated either vis-à-vis each other or slightly angled: in any event, movements need to be captured by the camera in their full scope.
- If you have your session scheduled at dawn or dusk, please make sure you have got lights switched on in the room for recording purposes.
- Start video recording by pressing the ‘record’ button (please refer to your camera's manual on how to start and stop video recording).
- Should you choose to change your seating position, you may do so. Please reposition your camera such that your bodies can be captured in full again. Sessions should be recorded in their entirety.
- Should a coaching session (need to) be interrupted (e.g. third person entering the room; someone has to leave for a short pause) try to keep the session in recording mode. Do not stop and resume recording, if possible.
- In the event of any interrupted sessions, please inform researcher about these interruption duly.
- Stop video recording.
Step-by-Step: Video Transfer
If you are using a smartphone or tablet for recording, you will have to transfer the recording to you computer. Follow the steps below, depending on your operating system combination. This does not apply to when you use a latop or any other pc to create recordings.
- Connect your iPhone / iPad to your PC using the Lightning cable (or 30-pin if you have an iPhone 4S or earlier)
- Press Windows key + E to launch a File Explorer window
- Wake your iPhone and unlock it. Tap ‘Trust this computer’ if prompted
- Click on your iPhone under This PC (or My Computer on earlier versions of Windows)
- Double-click on Internal Storage on the right, then on the folder titled DCIM, and you’ll see one or more folders, labelled 100APPLE, 101APPLE, 102APPLE etc.
- If you want to transfer the most recent videos, click on the folder with the highest number. The oldest ones are in the folder with the lowest number
- Photos, screenshots and videos are displayed in a list with ascending numbers in chronological order. Select just the file/files you want to transfer
- Now you can right-click on the selected file/files, copy and paste them into a folder of your choosing
- Make sure that you have the latest version of iTunes on your Mac. Importing photos to your Mac requires iTunes 12.5.1 or later
- Connect your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch to your Mac with a USB cable
- You might need to unlock your iOS device using your passcode. You might also see a prompt on the iOS device asking you to Trust This Computer. Tap Trust to continue
- On your Mac, the Photos app automatically opens. If it doesn't, open the Photos app
- The Photos app shows an Import screen with all the photos and videos that are on your connected device. If the Import screen doesn't automatically appear, click the Import tab at the top of the Photos app, or click the device's name in the Photos sidebar
- To import a selection of photos, click the ones you want, then click Import Selected. To import all new photos, click Import All New Photos
- Connect your Android phone to your PC via USB cable
- Wake your smartphone and unlock it
- Wait for computer to finish driver installation. Sometimes, it may require you to manually install the driver
- A notification should appear on your smartphone telling you that your phone is connecting to a computer. Pull down the notification and tap Transfer files or File transfer
- Now an Explorer window should appear, if not press Windows key + E to launch a new File Explorer window
- Navigate to your phone's internal storage under This PC (or My Computer on earlier versions of Windows)
- Open the DCIM folder which should contain the camera folder with the recorded video
- Photos, screenshots and videos are displayed in a list with ascending number in chronological order. Select just the file/files you want to transfer
- Now you can right-click on the selected file/files, copy and paste them into a folder of your choosing
- Download the Android File Transfer App from: https://www.android.com/filetransfer/
- Open the downloaded AndroidFileTransfer.dmg file and move the Android File Transfer App to your Applications folder
- Connect your Android phone to your Mac via an USB-cable
- Start the Android File Transfer App
- A notification should appear on your smartphone telling you that your phone is connecting to a computer. Pull down the notification and tap Transfer files or File transfer
- Using the Android File Transfer App, browse to the DCIM folder which should contain the camera folder with the recorded video
- Photos, screenshots and videos are displayed in a list with ascending number in chronological order.
- Drag and Drop the file/files you want to transfer onto your computer
Step-by-Step: Video Submission
Prior to uploading video files you will have use the CPR-App to have files transcoded (compressed) to enable shorter upload times and to have them encrypted to ensure authorized access only. Follow the steps outlined below on how to prepare the recordings using the CPR-App, depending on you computer's operating system.
- Download the CPR-App for Windows from: http://www.coachingpresenceresearch.com/downloads/windows
- Unzip the downloaded CPR-App.zip file
- Open the extracted folder and start the CPR-App by double-clicking the CoachingPresenceResearchApp.exe
- Grant permission to open the app, if prompted
- Use the Select File button to navigate to the recording
- Now the CPR-App will transcode, compress and encrypt the recording (this may take a while depending on your computer's configuration)
- Once the process is completed the processing indicator will disappear. Click the show new file button to open the folder containing the newly created .pgp file
- CPR App will place the crated file in the same folder as the original recording. You can identify the encrypted recording by the added .pgp suffix
- Now you can procede to upload the recording
- Download the CPR-App for Mac from: http://www.coachingpresenceresearch.com/downloads/mac
- Unzip the downloaded CPR-App.zip file
- Right-click the install.command from inside the unzipped CPR-App folder and select Open. Click Open, if prompted. A terminal window will appear and the installation will start
- Select the terminal window and press enter, when prompted
- Enter your mac's user password, then press enter, when prompted
- Wait for the installation to be completed, then close the terminal window
- The software is now installed and configured
- Right-click the CRP-App inside the unzipped CPR-App folder and select Open. A file selection dialog will apear
- Navigate to the recording and select the recording
- Wait until the completed transcoding, compression & encryption dialog appears
- CRP-App will place the created file in the same folder as the original recording. You can identify the encrypted recording by the added .pgp suffix
- Now you can procede to upload the recording
Once the compressed and encrypted .pgp file is ready, follow the steps below to upload the recording.
- Open the link provided by researcher
- Select the Upload button and navigate to the encrypted recording, the name of which ends on .pgp
- Wait till the file is uploaded (this may take some time depending on your internet connection speed)
Frequently Asked Questions
SUPPORT:
Please contact me via email at tuende.erdoes@ptc-coaching.com or
contact IT support directly at support@coachingpresenceresearch.com
Please contact me via email at tuende.erdoes@ptc-coaching.com
Please contact me via email at tuende.erdoes@ptc-coaching.com or
contact support directly at support@coachingpresenceresearch.com
Please note that spelling errors in the questionnaires can not be corrected at this time as modifications might cause disruptions in the data collection process. We are sorry for causing inconveniences in the fluency of your reading and kindly ask you for your consideration at this stage.
QUESTIONNAIRE:
Please make sure you are using the correct link as each client's questionnaire has a unique link and expiration date. Some browsers store old cache data from previous questionnaires, please make sure this data is cleared by reloading the questionnaire multiple times.
If the issue persists please contact me via email at tuende.erdoes@ptc-coaching.com or
contact IT support directly at support@coachingpresenceresearch.com
VIDEO RECORDING:
You can turn off iCloud Photos on a single device when you follow this step:
- On your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, go to Settings > [your name] > iCloud > Photos, then turn off iCloud Photos.
You can temporary disable iOS update Notifications when you follow these steps:
- Open the Settings app and go to “General”
- Choose “Storage & iCloud Usage”
- Go to “Manage Storage”
- Locate the iOS software update that is nagging you and tap on it
- Tap on “Delete Update” and confirm that you want to delete the update
- Disconnect from wi-fi to avoid the software update downloading itself again
Now that the update has been removed from the iOS device, you’ll want to avoid wi-fi, otherwise the update will just download itself at the next chance it gets. Typically this happens after the iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is on wi-fi and it hasn’t been used in a while, similar to how iCloud automatically backs up.
We recommend using the build in recording software of your operating system where possible.
- iOS: 'Camera' app
- Android: 'Camera' app
- Windows 10 & Windows 8: 'Camera' app
- Windows 7: Debut Video Capture by NCH Software -> download link
- macOS: 'QuickTime Player' app
The CPR-App does remove any audio from the video during the transcoding process but if you want to make sure no audio is recorded in the first place follow the steps below:
- iOS: 'Camera' app -> not possible, please us another device for recording
- Android: 'Camera' app -> not possible, please us another device for recording
- Windows 10 & Windows 8: 'Camera' app -> go to Settings then Privacy and select Microphone, under 'Choose apps than can use you microphone', search for the 'Camera' App and turn it off
- Windows 7: Using Debut Video Capture -> go to Webcam, then click the speaker icon in the bottom center section
- macOS: 'QuickTime Player' app -> go to Systemsettings then Sound and select Input, move the Input volume slider all the way to the left
Depending on your operating system, we recomend:
- iOS: 'Camera' app
- Android: 'Camera' app
- Windows 10 & Windows 8: 'Camera' app
- Windows 7: Debut Video Capture by NCH Software -> download link
- macOS: 'QuickTime Player' app
As Windows 7 does not come with a built in camera recording application, we recommend Debut Video Capture by NCH Software because it is free for non-commercial use. You can download from: https://www.nchsoftware.com/capture/de/index.html
Please take note that the Debut Video Capture setup requires an internet connection for installation! Once Debut Video Capture is installed, please follow these steps to configure the application:
- Navigate to webcam by selecting the webcam icon in the upper left corner
- Make sure you can see the picture from your webcam
- Click the speaker icon in the lower center to prevent audio from being recorded
- Change the recording format form .avi to .mp4 using the dropdown right to the text 'Record Web Camera as:'
- To reduce file size, change the recording resolution -> select Tools from the toolbar -> go to options -> select the Video tab -> under webcam change the format to 720p or 480p (make sure to select the correct screen ratio 4:3 or 16:9 depending on your webcam to prevent picture distortion)
Once you have confugured the software you are ready to record your first session. Follow the 'HOW TO CREATE A RECORDING USING A WINDOWS PC?' instructions in the Instrucitons Video Recording section, but instead of using the 'Camera App' use Debut Video Capture. Start and stop your recording using the record and stop button. Once you have finished a recording, you will find the recorded file in the Debut folder inside your pictures folder.
For more information on how to use Debut, NCH Software provides this tutorial video.
VIDEO SUBMISSION & CPR APP:
If your Anti-Virus program is blocking the CPR-App from starting, please add the CPR-App.exe file to the Anti-Virus's whitelist of trusted programs. For specific instructions depending on the Anti-Virus program installed on your pc, follow the coresponding link below:
Please contact support at support@coachingpresenceresearch.com
If you are using the Windows version of the CPR-App, please attach the log.txt, transcodeLogError.txt & transcodeLogOutput.txt files from the CPR-App folder to your email. You may not find all of these files in the CPR-App folder, depending on the problem encountered.
Please contact support at support@coachingpresenceresearch.com
If possible include the answers to the follwing questions in you email:
- Are you using a Mac or Windows PC?
- Which browser did you use GoogleChrome/Firefox/Safari/InternetExplorer?
- Did you use the CPR-App to create a compressed and encrypted file?
- How big is the file you tried to upload?
The files created by the CPR App ...
- ... are often smaller than the original recording. This will enable quicker upload speeds.
- ... are encrypted using the public key cryptography provided by software using the OpenPGP Message Format. This ensures only authorised access without requiring the use of passwords or installation of additional program.
- ... will only contain video data.
To achive the above the CPR App will transcode the selected video file into a new smaller video without any audio. Then it applies the encryption and creates a new transcoded and encrypted file ending with ".pgp" in the original file's folder.
Only ".pgp" files created by the CPR App should be uploaded!
The best solution is to lower recording resolution before recording, please see the 'Instructions Video Recording' for how to set recording resolution on different devices. If you want to reduce file size of an existing video file, please use the CPR-App which should reduce file size through transcoding. Please note that compressing a video file using zip or simmilare compression types does not decrease file size significantly as these compression algorithms are optimised for text and not video files.
The latest version of the CoachingPresenceReserach-App is only available through this website. Please use the links in the 'Instructions Video Submission' section of this page. Currently supported operationg systems are Windows and macOS.
If you are interested in support of additional operating systems, please contact IT support at: support@coachingpresenceresearch.com